Ang mga ordinaryong lathe ay karaniwang kagamitan sa industriya ng makina, at ang kanilang operasyon ay nagsasangkot ng maraming mga teknolohiya, tulad ng teknolohiya ng motor, teknolohiya ng sensing, teknolohiya ng automation, atbp., na nagpapakita ng mga komprehensibong katangian. Ang mga ordinaryong lathe ay may malakas na kakayahan sa pagtatrabaho at maaaring magbigay ng mataas na katumpakan at mataas na antas ng mga serbisyo sa pagmamanupaktura ng makina. Bagaman ang mga ordinaryong lathe ay may malakas na kakayahan sa pagtatrabaho, nahaharap pa rin sila sa interference mula sa mga malfunctions.
1. Pagsusuri ng Ordinaryong Lathe
Sa pabrika ng pagpoproseso ng makina, ang mga ordinaryong kagamitan sa makina ay sumasakop sa karamihan ng proporsyon ng impluwensya sa pagawaan at tumagos sa industriya ng pagpoproseso ng mekanikal. Nadagdagan ng industriya ang atensyon nito sa mga ordinaryong lathe fault at nakatuon sa paggamit ng mga paraan ng pag-troubleshoot para matiyak ang bisa ng mga ordinaryong lathe. Sa industriya ng mekanikal, ang mga lathe ay ginagamit upang iproseso ang iba't ibang mga umiikot na ibabaw, tulad ng mga pabilog at conical na ibabaw, pati na rin ang mga thread, grooves, atbp. Ginagamit nila ang mga bahagi ng ordinaryong lathes tulad ng mga bed body at tool holder, kasabay ng pagtatrabaho mga prinsipyo ng ordinaryong lathes, upang makamit ang pangunahing paggalaw at paggalaw ng feed. Sa panahon ng paggalaw ng mga tool sa lathe at workpiece, ang mga blangko ay maaaring iproseso sa tinukoy na mga geometric na sukat.
Sa paggamit ng isang ordinaryong lathe, ang mga pagkakamali ay hindi maiiwasan. Kung ang mga pagkakamali ay hindi maalis sa loob ng isang tiyak na takdang panahon, ito ay makagambala sa antas ng pagpapatakbo ng lathe, sa gayon ay makakaapekto sa katumpakan at bilis ng pagproseso ng lathe, at hindi nakakatulong sa kahusayan ng lathe. Ang mga pagkakamali ng mga ordinaryong kagamitan sa makina ay nangyayari sa pang-araw-araw na operasyon at paggamit. Upang mapabuti ang kakayahang magtrabaho ng mga ordinaryong lathe, ang mga pagkakamali ay dapat na pangunahing bagay sa pagsubaybay upang maprotektahan ang proseso ng operasyon ng mga ordinaryong tool sa makina. Mayroong ilang mga tipikal na sintomas sa mga ordinaryong lathe fault. Ang mga bihasang operator ay halos huhusgahan ang mga operating fault batay sa mga sintomas ng lathe fault, napapanahong kontrolin ang impormasyon ng fault sa panahon ng operasyon ng lathe, bawiin ang mga depekto sa panahon ng operasyon ng lathe, at pagkatapos ay magpapatupad ng mga epektibong paraan ng pag-troubleshoot.
2. Dahilan ng malfunction ng lathe
Ang mga sanhi ng mga fault sa ordinaryong lathes ay nagpapakita ng magkakaibang katangian, at ang mga sumusunod ay ang mga karaniwang sanhi ng Z faults sa ordinaryong lathes:
Ang mga kadahilanan ng kalidad para sa mga bahagi ng isang ordinaryong lathe ay kinabibilangan ng mga mekanikal na kagamitan at mga sangkap na kagamitan ng lathe mismo. Kung ang mga problema sa kalidad ay nangyari sa panahon ng pagpapatakbo ng lathe, na nagreresulta sa malfunction o pagkawala ng kontrol, ito ay makakaapekto sa pangkalahatang kondisyon ng ordinaryong lathe, at ang mga problema tulad ng pagkasira at pagkasira ay direktang makakaapekto sa machining accuracy ng lathe, at sa gayon ay nakakasagabal sa ang aktwal na operasyon ng ordinaryong lathe. Ang kalidad ng mga bahagi ay ang direktang sanhi ng pagkabigo ng Z sa mga ordinaryong lathe, na nagiging sanhi ng isang serye ng mga problema sa fault.
Pangalawa, mayroong kakulangan ng mga hakbang sa pagkontrol ng katumpakan sa proseso ng pag-install at pagpupulong ng mga ordinaryong lathe. Halimbawa, sa pag-install ng pangunahing katawan ng isang ordinaryong lathe, tulad ng spindle box at feed box, walang mahigpit na kontrol sa katumpakan sa panahon ng pag-install. Hangga't mayroong isang madepektong paggawa, ito ay makagambala sa pangkalahatang katumpakan ng ordinaryong lathe at hindi magagarantiyahan ang epektibong pagpupulong ng ordinaryong lathe, na magreresulta sa mga pagkakamali sa pag-install at pagpupulong. Ang pagkagambala ng fault ay ipinakilala sa panahon ng pagpapatakbo ng lathe, unti-unting binabawasan ang katumpakan ng operasyon ng lathe.
Pangatlo, kapag gumagamit ng ordinaryong lathe, may mga hindi makatwirang operasyon na nakakasagabal sa mga teknikal na parameter ng lathe, na nagreresulta sa kakulangan ng epektibong kakayahan sa pagtatrabaho sa loob ng sarili nitong saklaw ng pagproseso. Sa pagpapatakbo ng ordinaryong lathe, kung hindi masusunod ng operator ang mga working procedure ng lathe, magdudulot ito ng maraming problema, lalo na ang katumpakan ng ordinaryong lathe, na direktang nagpapataas ng operating burden ng lathe at nagpapataas ng pressure ng lathe. .
Pang-apat, ang mga hakbang sa pagpapanatili at pagkumpuni para sa mga ordinaryong lathe ay wala sa lugar sa panahon ng operasyon. Ang pagpapanatili at pag-aayos ay mga hakbang upang mabawasan ang saklaw ng mga aberya at matukoy ang kahusayan ng paggamit ng lathe. Ang kakulangan ng pagpapanatili at pag-aayos ng lathe ay nagreresulta sa ang lathe ay nasa isang estado ng operasyon na may mga depekto, na hindi maaaring mapanatili ang magandang kondisyon sa pagtatrabaho, paikliin ang buhay ng pagpapatakbo ng lathe, at hindi maaaring mapabuti ang kahusayan sa pagproseso ng mga ordinaryong lathe.
3. Mga karaniwang pagkakamali at pag-troubleshoot ng lathe
Batay sa pagsusuri ng lathe at mga sanhi nito, ilista ang mga karaniwang pagkakamali at mga kaugnay na paraan ng pag-troubleshoot sa pagpapatakbo ng mga ordinaryong lathe, upang mapanatili ang pagganap ng pagpapatakbo ng mga ordinaryong lathe.
3.1 Mga Fault sa Vibration at Pag-troubleshoot
The vibration fault of an ordinary lathe is a common type of fault. During the processing and production of the lathe, vibration is difficult to avoid, and there are some vibrations that belong to the normal operating range. When the vibration is severe, it will affect the processing accuracy of the ordinary lathe, reduce the production efficiency of the lathe, and also increase the wear of the lathe, which is not conducive to the stability of the lathe tool. When a vibration fault occurs in an ordinary lathe, the performance Z of the fault is obvious in ceramics and hard alloys.
When a vibration fault occurs in the lathe, several troubleshooting measures are proposed in practice to assist the ordinary lathe in quickly restoring to normal operation. For example, (1) the maintenance personnel of the ordinary lathe should check the fixed bolts on the lathe, such as foundation bolts, to ensure the accuracy of bolt installation. Once any loose or incorrectly installed bolts are found, on-site treatment should be carried out, and the fault should be immediately eliminated. After tightening the bolts, Ensure accurate installation position of bolts; (2) Control the jumping amplitude of rotating parts, especially adhesive tape components, to achieve radial circular jumping and prevent excessive jumping amplitude from causing vibration; (3) Check the spindle center of an ordinary lathe to avoid the problem of excessive radial swing. Maintenance personnel can actively adjust the spindle swing, reduce the spindle swing amplitude, or directly adopt the angle selection method to control the spindle swing; (4) Correct the grinding tool of an ordinary lathe, maintain a stable cutting path, maintain the position of the tool tip slightly above the center position, and eliminate vibration problems during lathe operation.
3.2 Noise Faults and Troubleshooting
Noise faults not only affect the operation of ordinary lathes, but also affect the operating environment of lathes. In general, noise is a prerequisite for the occurrence of faults. When an ordinary lathe is running, abnormal noise indicates that the lathe has malfunctioned. Maintenance personnel need to accurately analyze the source and cause of the noise in order to quickly troubleshoot. A regular lathe? After operation, the noise will increase with the increase of cycle, temperature, and load, ultimately leading to the lathe entering a poor operating state and interfering with normal operation.
The elimination of noise faults should be carried out according to the actual situation of ordinary lathes. List common troubleshooting methods in common lathe noise fault, such as: (1) maintenance personnel check the Kinematic pair of common lathe, adjust and repair the parts causing noise in combination with the feedback of Kinematic pair, so as to make the lathe spindle return to normal, deal with noise interference, and ensure the working accuracy of lathe; (2) Thoroughly inspect the pipes of ordinary lathes to prevent any obstruction of the pipes and clear any blocked pipes; (3) A large part of the noise fault is due to mutual friction, so regular lubrication work is arranged, lubricating oil is added at appropriate positions, and the amount and position of lubricating oil are controlled to ensure that the lubricating oil meets relevant regulations.
3.3 Heating faults and troubleshooting
During the operation of an ordinary lathe, heating faults are concentrated at the spindle position, as the spindle is connected to rolling and sliding bearings, forming an integrated operating structure. Therefore, when the spindle is in a high-speed rotating state, heat will be emitted. The spindle is the main heat source of an ordinary lathe. When the heat cannot be dissipated normally, it will cause excessive heating of the spindle and surrounding connecting devices. The temperature in local positions of the lathe will increase, causing thermal deformation. When the heating fault is severe, the problem of the spindle and tailstock not being the same height will occur, directly reducing the machining accuracy of the lathe, and there may also be situations of burning the spindle. The spindle heating fault may be due to the accumulation of heat between the spindle and bearings through long-term friction, resulting in changes in the stiffness of the spindle under full load lathe operation, which affects the stability of the spindle. In the troubleshooting methods for spindle faults, before the lathe runs, it is necessary to actively adjust the distance between the spindle and the bearings, arrange lubrication work, maintain the smoothness of the oil circuit, and then control the workload of the spindle to avoid overloading the working environment.
3.4 Oil leakage faults and troubleshooting
Oil leakage is common in common lathe failures, which increases the oil consumption of the lathe, causes significant economic losses, and interferes with the operating performance of the lathe. The handling of oil leakage faults in ordinary lathes requires daily detection methods, arrangement of oil leakage inspection related work, timely detection and handling of oil leakage problems.
3.5 Bearing Faults and Troubleshooting
The bearing failure of an ordinary lathe affects the transmission work of the lathe processing and the operation of the load, which belongs to the fault prone point. The troubleshooting of bearing faults requires replacement and improvement measures, checking the performance of the bearings, and selecting appropriate troubleshooting measures. Generally, if the bearing components are damaged, they can be replaced directly. If the transmission bearing is broken, it is necessary to improve the internal structure and re install the bearing device to solve the problem.
3.6 Tool holder faults and troubleshooting
The malfunction of the tool holder of an ordinary lathe is manifested as a jamming of the tool and burning of the contactor, which ultimately leads to the cutter head not rotating. When troubleshooting the tool rest, it is necessary to gradually narrow the scope of the fault according to the specific fault, identify the cause of the fault and locate it. The components of the lathe tool position are damaged, and the reason for replacing the theme is that the tool disc is not in place. It is necessary to keep the tool holder locked and use a wrench to loosen the magnetic steel disc, aligning the Hall element with the magnetic steel.
3.7 Handle Faults and Troubleshooting
The lathe handle Z is prone to detachment faults. Taking the detachment fault of the automatic feed handle of the slide box of an ordinary lathe as an example, analyze the troubleshooting methods, such as adjusting the spring pressure of the handle to maintain its stability under normal load, repairing the handle fault using welding repair, and drilling the positioning hole through riveting repair after wear.
3.8 Bed Saddle Faults and Troubleshooting
The sinking fault of the bed saddle results in the inability of an ordinary lathe to work properly and the loss of its function. The troubleshooting of the bed saddle can be achieved through daily repair methods, improving the scale of the gears and dial, ensuring stable meshing between the pinion and rack, and restoring the bed saddle.
4. Maintenance and repair of ordinary lathes
The maintenance and repair of ordinary lathes can greatly improve the work efficiency of lathes and reduce the probability of lathe failures.
Firstly, in the maintenance and repair of the lathe, the staff actively identify potential small problems, prohibit the operation of the lathe with defects, avoid the escalation of small problems, eliminate emerging problems, improve the efficiency of the lathe, and control the operation process of the lathe.
Secondly, the staff arranges daily inspections during the maintenance and repair of the lathe, in order to grasp the operating status of the lathe, replace the parts in the lathe, maintain the parts of the lathe according to the safe and reliable operating standards of ordinary lathes, repair faulty devices, and optimize the operating environment of the lathe.
After Z, the staff comprehensively recorded various information about the maintenance and repair of the ordinary lathe, clarified the time and location of the problem, refined the maintenance and repair information of the lathe, provided a standard basis for subsequent maintenance and repair of the lathe, improved the operating status of the ordinary lathe, and reflected the importance and practical value of maintenance and repair in the ordinary lathe.
5. Conclusion
The failure of an ordinary lathe occurs in practical operation. When the lathe is in a high load operating state, it increases the probability of mechanical failure and cannot guarantee the normal state of the lathe, thereby increasing the pressure on the ordinary lathe. Reliable troubleshooting measures should be taken for ordinary lathes, and comprehensive maintenance and repair should be implemented to improve the working ability of ordinary lathes, avoid safety issues, and more importantly, maintain the performance of ordinary lathes, create a good operating environment, and improve the working level of ordinary lathes.
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We also offer a complete line of insert ball bearings, shaft mounted with either tapered adapters or locking collar or set screws. Our proven seal designs include low torque shields to heavy-duty triple lip seals. Disc harrow bearings are also available with either round, square, or hexagonal bores. All bearings are available with or without re-lubrication holes.
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2023-07-24